![]() ![]() Systematic Review Registration:, identifier: CRD42021235587 ![]() Additional studies are needed to be conducted. Moreover, suggestive evidence supported the associations between long sleep and 5 increased risk of health outcomes (stroke, dyslipidaemia, mortality of coronary heart disease, stroke mortality, and the development or death of stroke) short sleep and increased risk of overweight and/or obesity poor sleep quality and increased risk of diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.Ĭonclusions: Only the evidence of the association of long sleep with an increased risk of all-cause mortality was graded as highly suggestive. We observed highly suggestive evidence for an association between long sleep and an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 85 meta-analyses with 36 health outcomes were included in the study. According to the above metrics, we evaluated the credibility of each association. For each meta-analysis, the summary effect size using fixed and random effects models, the 95% confidence interval, and the 95% prediction interval were assessed heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance bias were also estimated. We systematically searched three databases from inception until November 15, 2020. Methods: This review is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021235587. 5Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United Statesīackground: To quantitatively evaluate the evidence of duration and quality of sleep as measured by multiple health outcomes.4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.3Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.2Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.1Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.Chang Gao 1,2 †, Jiao Guo 3 †, Ting-Ting Gong 4 *, Jia-Le Lv 1,2, Xin-Yu Li 1,2, Fang-Hua Liu 1,2, Meng Zhang 1,2, Yi-Tong Shan 5, Yu-Hong Zhao 1,2 and Qi-Jun Wu 1,2 *
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